Retrograde Transport Pathway. Figure 2 from Retrograde axonal transport pathways to cell death The retrograde transport of membrane proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is essential for internalization and recycling of membrane proteins which control a variety of physiological processes including (i) lysosomal biogenesis, (ii) ion and glucose transport, (iii) processing and secretion of polypeptide precursors and (iv) secretion of signaling proteins that regulate. The idea that host factors might potentially shuttle these toxins into cells stimulated the search for endogenous client.
Schematic summary retrograde and anterograde pathways coordinate the from www.researchgate.net
Retrograde transport, in which proteins and lipids are shuttled between endosomes and biosynthetic/secretory compartments such as the Golgi apparatus, is crucial for a diverse range of cellular functions For example, the retrograde transport of Nogo-A endosomes initiates growth cone collapse and inhibits neurite outgrowth [ 87 ]; this signaling may be essential for blocking unwanted outgrowth and branching during myelination.
Schematic summary retrograde and anterograde pathways coordinate the
Mechanistic studies that explore the molecular machinery involved in this retrograde trafficking route are shedding light on the functions of transport proteins and are providing fresh. The idea that host factors might potentially shuttle these toxins into cells stimulated the search for endogenous client. The toxin undergoes retrograde vesicular transport from the TGN, via the Golgi cisternae, to the ER before the catalytic A fragment crosses a membrane
Transport intermediates and regulators of the GolgitoER retrograde. Retrograde transport of growth-inhibitory signals may be part of the normal neuronal maturation pathway during development Generalised simplified retrograde routes available to ER trafficking toxins and viruses.Association of the toxin/receptor complex or virus/receptor complex with a receptor in detergent resistant membrane microdomains (DRM) facilitates uptake in caveosomes (C) or transport from early/sorting endosomes (EE/SE) to the TGN, directing a proportion of the toxin or virus away from the late endosome.
Transport intermediates and regulators of the GolgitoER retrograde. Initially, it was considered that mammalian retromer functions in the equivalent retrograde transport pathway, as demonstrated by retromer dependency of retrograde transport of cation-independent. The toxin undergoes retrograde vesicular transport from the TGN, via the Golgi cisternae, to the ER before the catalytic A fragment crosses a membrane